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Case studies
The HESS case studies have created a momentum to reflect on how the S3 policy context and its governance system can help identify promising collaboration pathways to improve the contribution of HEIs to their regions. They can provide human capital for developing new areas of knowledge-based activity, interact with other actors within the quadruple helix, and span boundaries between education, research and innovation. The case studies have adopted an `action research´ methodological approach, mobilising the main research actors in the region under study, driven by a joint reflection on the main regional challenges and identification of potential actions to address them.