ICT Monitoring - Planned ICT Investments under ESIF ICT Monitoring - Planned ICT Investments under ESIF

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This is a tool to search European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) data (ERDF, CF, ESF, YEI and EAFRD) on planned investments in ICT. The tool contains data from the ESIF Operational Programmes (OP) on planned ICT related investments (retrieved on 20/01/2017 from the SFC2014/Infoview database, the EAFRD financial data was downloaded from https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu the same day).

The SFC platform from where the data is retrieved is a management tool for ESIF managing authorities (MA) at national and regional level and the four ESIF managing DGs (REGIO, EMPL, AGRI, MARE). The data are entered by MA, verified by DGs and if needed corrected by the MA.

The amounts in this tool are presented at regional level and include data from regional OPS, but also shares of national and transnational cooperation programmes. The shares have been estimated by taking into account the population size of the regions. Data depicted here are thus estimations of potential investments and do not reflect final investment figures. Therefore the amounts are rounded up (see method below).

Other official data on Cohesion Policy is available here: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/index.cfm/en/information and here: https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu and on the corresponding ESF, EMFF and EAFRD sites.

CONTACT

We appreciate your feedback on the tool. Please send comments or questions to JRC-IPTS-ESIF@ec.europa.eu.

Users can search within three broad dimensions depicted in the tabs on the top:

  • Amounts:  Planned investments in ICT under ESIF
  • Keywords: Frequency of keywords in OP’s sections actions to be financed
  • Financial Forms: Amounts of planned investments through different financial forms

In each dimension, users can make a simple search by selecting "Country", "Region", or one of the "Predefined filters". There are also more advanced searches that are presented below. What is included in the predefined filters for each search form is presented below.

The parameters of each search are depicted on the right hand side of the tool.  The search result is presented on a map and tables. Below the map you will find a summarising table that presents ranked results depending on the chosen dimension. The data is grouped according to country, region, operational programme, thematic objective and category of investment or activity area and keywords. There is also a table with all single data posts – non-grouped.

The OPs are presented with active links (not the EAFRD ones). The active links take the user to a dedicated web page in the Inforegio site and ESF site, with more info on the OP and in most cases links to the entire OP text.

The search results can be shared with other users by pushing the share button that prepares an email with a web link to the current search result.

The user can also export the search result in excel, word and pdf.

When searching in amounts, the user can in the simple search select, countries, regions and one or many of the predefined filters. The predefined filters for amounts include the following categories of intervention (CoI):

  • TO2 and ICT core Categories of Intervention in all TOs (displays data from Thematic Objective 2 (TO2) + CoI 004, 015, 044-048, 078-082 in the other TOs, as well as 05 from ESF and EAFRD)
  • ERDF - Broadband and digital networks (CoI 045-048)
  • ERDF - Government (CoI 078)
  • ERDF - Digital content (CoI 079)
  • ERDF - e-Inclusion (CoI 080)
  • ERDF - e-Health and active and healthy ageing (CoI 081)
  • ERDF - ICT SME support and e-Commerce (CoI 004 + 082)
  • ERDF - Smart grids (CoI 015)E
  • ERDF - Smart cities (CoI 044)
  • ERDF - Non-core CoI in TO2 (include CoI, which are in TO2, but are not one of the Core ones, these are 049, 056, 059, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 071, 096, 101, 121)
  • EAFRD - ICT in rural funds (displays planned investments in ICT under the EAFRD - FA 6C).
  • ESF - Digital skills (ESF secondary theme 05)
  • ERDF - R&I innovation processes in SMEs/vouchers (CoI 064)
  • ERDF - Skills and lifelong learning (CoI 115-118)

In the advanced search under Amounts, the user can choose which Thematic Objectives (TO) and Categories of Interventions (CoI) to include in the search. Included in the data set are all TOs and Core and Non-core CoI for ICT. To see which CoI are included in the dataset see below.

When searching in keywords, the user can in the simple search select, countries, regions and one or many of the predefined filters. The predefined filters consists of Activity areas, which are groupings of keywords in common themes. The activity areas are:

  • Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda
  • Advanced computing
  • Broadband & digital networks
  • Components
  • Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture
  • Digital science
  • e-Government
  • e-Health
  • e-Inclusion
  • ICT innovation
  • Smart cities & smart grids
  • Trust, security & authentication

In the Advanced search under Keywords, the user can choose to select one or many keywords from a list and whether to do an additive search using these words, or if it is a cross search looking for the combination of keywords, by indicating in the "OPs should match", "all selected keywords".

The user can also choose to use the free text field, where one can write different keyword, and the tool suggests which keyword the user might be looking for based on the search words, which have been used to build up the keyword database.

They keywords and activity areas indicate which countries and regions that aim to invest in different themes, due to them mentioning these keywords in different Ops that cover the territory. However, there is no strict connection to any amounts, TOs or CoIs

For the entire list of activity areas and keywords and how to dataset has been created please read more below in the dedicated section.

When using the financial forms search, in the simple form the user can search countries, regions and predefined filters. The predefined filters include

  • All forms of finance in ICT (Categories of forms of finance 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 and 07 in TO2)
  • Financial instruments in ICT (Categories of forms of finance 03, 04, 05 and 06 in TO2)
  • Grants and prizes (Categories of forms of finance 01, 02 and 07 in TO2)

In the advanced search for financial forms the user can create a specific search based on countries, regions, thematic objectives and different forms of finance.

These are:

  • 01 - Non-repayable grant
  • 02 - Repayable grant
  • 03 - Support through financial instruments: venture and equity capital or equivalent
  • 04 - Support through financial instruments: loan or equivalent
  • 05 - Support through financial instruments: guarantee or equivalent
  • 06 - Support through financial instruments: interest rate subsidy, guarantee fee subsidy, technical support or equivalent
  • 07 - Prize

The financial forms data is only for ERDF, ESF, YEI and CF OPs. Here is not included EAFRD.

All the data have been regionalised. National OPs and interregional OPs have been divided for the regions that are covered by the different programmes. For transnational collaboration programmes the amounts have been divided according to population size for participating regions; amounts pertaining to non-EU regions are not included (these programmes have not been included: 2014TC16RFIR002, 2014TC16RFTN010, 2014TC16RFTN008, 2014TC16RFTN009 and 2014TC16RFCB043).

Amounts of planned investments in individual posts have been rounded up in the following way:

  • 0 - 0.49 M -> 0.5M
  • 0.5 - 0.99 M -> 1M
  • 1 - 1.49 M -> 1.5 M
  • 1.5-2.49 M -> 2M
  • 2.5-3.49 M -> 3M
  • 3.5-4.49 M -> 4M
  • Etc.

For most Member States the geographical level used is NUTS2, with the exception of Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK where it is NUTS1 and Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta and Slovenia where it is the national level.

In the data set for searching amount the user can search for data that belongs to two different categories of intervention Core and Non-core Categories of Intervention (C.o.I.). The Core C.o.I.s are the ones that are strongly correlated with ICT activities; whereas the Non-core C.o.I. are C.o.I.s that in themselves are not strongly ICT correlated, but some regions have indicated that it has an ICT component, because they have used this C.o.I. together with Thematic Objective 2 which is about ICT investments.

For further information on Thematic objectives and Categories of Intervention for Operational programmes please read here.

Core ICT Categories of Intervention(C.o.I.)

Non-core ICT Categories of Intervention

004

Productive investment linked to the cooperation between large enterprises and SMEs for developing information and communication technology (‘ICT') products and services, e-commerce and enhancing demand for ICT

049

Education infrastructure for tertiary education

015

Intelligent Energy Distribution Systems at medium and low voltage levels (including smart grids and ICT systems)

056

Investment in infrastructure, capacities and equipment in SMEs directly linked to research and innovation activities

044

Intelligent transport systems (including the introduction of demand management, tolling systems, IT monitoring, control and information systems)

058

Research and innovation infrastructures (public)

045

ICT: Backbone/backhaul network

059

Research and innovation infrastructures (private, including science parks)

046

ICT: High-Speed broadband network (access/local loop; >/= 30 Mbps)

060

Research and innovation activities in public research centres and centres of competence including networking

047

ICT: Very high-speed broadband network (access/local loop; >/= 100 Mbps)

061

Research and innovation activities in private research centres including networking

048

ICT: Other types of ICT infrastructure/large-scale computer resources/equipment (including e-infrastructure, data centres and sensors; also where embedded in other infrastructure such as research facilities, environmental and social infrastructure)

062

Technology transfer and university-enterprise cooperation primarily benefiting SMEs

078

e-Government services and applications (including e-Procurement, ICT measures supporting the reform of public administration, cyber-security, trust and privacy measures, e-Justice and e-Democracy)

063

Cluster support and business networks primarily benefiting SMEs

079

Access to public sector information (including open data e-Culture, digital libraries, e-Content and e-Tourism)

064

Research and innovation processes in SMEs (including voucher schemes, process, design, service and social innovation)

080

e-Inclusion, e-Accessibility, e-Learning and e-Education services and applications, digital literacy

065

Research and innovation infrastructure, processes, technology transfer and cooperation in enterprises focusing on the low carbon economy and on resilience to climate change

081

ICT solutions addressing the healthy active ageing challenge and e-Health services and applications (including e-Care and ambient assisted living)

066

Advanced support services for SMEs and groups of SMEs (including management, marketing and design services)

082

ICT Services and applications for SMEs (including e-Commerce, e-Business and networked business processes), living labs, web entrepreneurs and ICT start-ups)

067

SME business development, support to entrepreneurship and incubation (including support to spin offs and spin outs)

05

ESF 2nd theme - Enhancing the accessibility, use and quality of information

071

Development and promotion of enterprises specialised in providing services contributing to the low carbon economy and to resilience to climate change (including support to such services)

 

096

Institutional capacity of public administrations and public services related to implementation of the ERDF or actions supporting ESF institutional capacity initiatives

101

Cross-financing under the ERDF (support to ESF-type actions necessary for the satisfactory implementation of the ERDF part of the operation and directly linked to it)

107

Active and healthy ageing

115

Reducing and preventing early school-leaving and promoting equal access to good quality early childhood, primary and secondary education including formal, non- formal and informal learning pathways for reintegrating into education and training

116

Improving the quality and efficiency of, and access to, tertiary and equivalent education with a view to increasing participation and attainment levels, especially for disadvantaged groups

117

Enhancing equal access to lifelong learning for all age groups in formal, non-formal and informal settings, upgrading the knowledge, skills and competences of the workforce, and promoting flexible learning pathways including through career guidance and validation of acquired competences

118

Improving the labour market relevance of education and training systems, facilitating the transition from education to work, and strengthening vocational education and training systems and their quality, including through mechanisms for skills anticipation, adaptation of curricula and the establishment and development of work-based learning systems, including dual learning systems and apprenticeship schemes

121

Preparation, implementation, monitoring and inspection

As a user of the ESIF tool, one can search using the activity areas in the predefined filter or choose groups of key words or single key words, and cross search words. One can choose from selecting activity areas and key words in the drop down menus, or by tying a word in the free search. The terms that can be used in the search are the ones in the two first columns of the table below.

However, in generating the keywords for the database a broader list of synonyms have been used. The words that we have searched for are in the third column. We have searched for the words or phrases that are in between commas. We have also made a cross word search, which is to look for words that are in the fourth column if in the same sentence there are also any of the words that are in the heading of the fourth column. This is to give it an ICT context.

These Keywords have been generated in interaction with units in DG CONNECT that have provided lists of key words that are relevant to their work, which the IPTS has tested in OPS. The idea is to find out which OPs that mentions that they will carry out activities in different fields of interest.

The collaboration with the DG CONNECT units generated a list of keywords in English. This has been translated to original languages (to see all words, also in original languages). All English OPs have been searched with the English terms; where as other languages are searched both with the English list and original languages. The database has been generated by searching in the sections of Actions to be Financed in all OPs (ERDF, ESF, CF, YEI – not EAFRD) for these keywords. The different keywords are then grouped in 12 activity areas.

ACTIVITY AREA

KEY WORD

SINGLE TERMS

COMBINED TERMS:
ICT, electronic, online, on-line, Internet, web, data, DAE, Digital, mobile, cyber, information system

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

Digital Agenda

Digital Agenda,  DAE

  

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

Digital divide

Digital divide

 

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

Digital single market

Digital single market, DSM

 

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

Digital economy  and Information society

Digital Economy, Information society, Digital society

 

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

Digital growth

Digital growth

 

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

ICT sector

ICT sector

 

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

ICT cluster

ICT cluster

Cluster

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

ICT for agriculture

 

Agriculture

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

ICT for manufacturing

 

advanced manufacturing

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

Connecting Europe facility

Connecting Europe facility, CEF

 

Digital Single Market / Digital Agenda

ICT and H2020

 

Horizon 2020, Horizon2020, H-2020, H2020

Components

Graphene 

Graphene

 

Components

Hardware

Hardware

 

Components

Key enabling technologies

KETs, Key Enabling Technology, Key Enabling Technologies

 

Components

Lasers

Laser, lasers

 

Components

Microelectronics

Micro-electronic, Micro-electronics, Electronics, Semi-conductor, lithograph, stepper

 

Components

Microsystem

micro-system, microsystems, mems, integrated system, smart system, smart system integration, digital system,  actuator

Sensor

Components

Nanoelectronics

Nano-electronics, nano-electronic, Nano-tech,  nano-technology, nano-technologies, nano-material

 

Components

Optics

Optic, optics, opto

 

Components

Organic electronic

Organic electronic, Flexible electronic, stretchable electronic, printed electronic, Organic electronics, Flexible electronics, stretchable electronics, printed electronics

 

Components

Photonics

Photonic, photonics, photon, LED, SSL, OLED, OPV

Light, fibre, fiber

Components

Pilot lines

 

Pilot line

Components

Robotics

Robotic, automation, cognitive, autonomous driving, autonomous system, drone, UAV, Robot, unmanned vehicle, AI, intelligent agent, Artificial Intelligence

cognition, UGV

Advanced computing

Advanced computing

Advanced computing, high-performance computing, HPC, distributed computing,  grid computing 

 

Advanced computing

Low power computing

low-power computing, low-energy computing,  low-power computer, low-energy computer

 

Advanced computing

Cloud computing

Cloud, Cloud services, Cloud computing , Cloud technologies, SAAS, saas, SaaS, IaaS, PaaS, cloud based data, cloud data

 

Advanced computing

Computing

Computing, Compute

 

Advanced computing

Complex and embedded system

Complex system, Embedded system, embedded software, cyber-physical system, model-based engineering

 

Advanced computing

Data analytics and database management

data analytics, database management,  information management systems, decision support, smart systems, smart data

 

Advanced computing

Factory of the future

Factory of the future, additive manufacturing, laser-based manufacturing, 3D manufacturing, digitising industry, industrie 4.0, industry 4.0, digitalisation of industry

 

Advanced computing

Internet of  Things

Internet of  Things, smart objects, connected objects

 

Advanced computing

Service architectures

Internet of services, Service architectures

 

Advanced computing

Simulation and modelling

 simulation, modeling, modelling

 

Advanced computing

Open source

open-source

 

Advanced computing

Software services and engineering

software services, software engineering

 

Digital science

Big data

Big data

 

Digital science

Citizen science

 

Citizen science

Digital science

Digital science

Digital science

Science

Digital science

Flagships

 

Flagships, flagship

Digital science

Future and emerging technologies

FET, Future and emerging technologies, Future and emerging technology

 

Digital science

High performance computing and supercomputing

HPC, High-performance computing, Super-computing, terabyte, petabyte, exabyte, teraflop, petaflop, exaflop.

 terascale, petascale, exascale

Digital science

Human brain project

Human brain project, HBP

 

Digital science

ICT and art

 

Art

Digital science

Open access

open access, online access, public access

 

Digital science

Open data

Open Data

 

Digital science

Open science

Open Science

 

Digital science

ICT research

 

research 

Broadband & digital networks

Broadband

Broadband, high-speed internet, satellite, Fibre, Fiber, NGN, NGA, Next generation access, Next generation networks

High-speed

Broadband & digital networks

Broadband and engineering projects

 

engineering projects, infrastructure projects

Broadband & digital networks

Data centres and storage

Data centres and storage

Data centre, storage

Broadband & digital networks

e-Infrastructure  and Information systems

e-infrastructure, Future Network, information system, information systems, ICT infrastructure, EGI, telecommunications network

infrastructure, networks

Broadband & digital networks

GEANT & Networks for research

Networks for research, GEANT, GÉANT

research networks

Broadband & digital networks

Wireless

3G, 4G, 5G, LTE,  base-stations, Wireless, Long-term evolution

 

ICT innovation

Digital products, services and applications

digital services, digital applications, digital products

Products, Services, Applications

ICT innovation

Digital service infrastructures

Digital service infrastructures

 

ICT innovation

Innovation clusters, hubs and incubators

hub, hubs, innovation clusters, innovation ecosystem, incubators, innovation cluster, innovation ecosystems, incubator

cluster, clusters

ICT innovation

Experimental platforms

Living lab,  Living labs, Experimental platform, Experimental platforms, Test bed,  Test-beds, demonstration facilities, Open & Agile, open and agile, Fab Lab

experimentation, demonstration

ICT innovation

Innovation procurement

Innovation procurement, pre-commercial procurement, innovative procurement

 

ICT innovation

Digital architectures

Digital social innovation, collective awareness,  distributed architectures,  distributed architecture

 

ICT innovation

Open innovation in ICT

 

open innovation

ICT innovation

Research and Innovation

 

Innovation, research, development, R&D, R&I, technology transfer

ICT innovation

Cross-border collaboration and value-chains in ICT

 

value-chain,  cross-border cooperation ,  cross-border networking

ICT innovation

Service innovation

service innovation

 

ICT innovation

Social innovation

social innovation

 

ICT innovation

Service innovation in ICT

 

service innovation

ICT innovation

Social innovation in ICT

 

social innovation

ICT innovation

SME support

on-line advice, on-line counselling, digital eco-system, SME support

SME, counselling, advisory services

ICT innovation

Start-ups and venture capital

Venture capital, business angels, accelerators, access to finance, Start-Ups, Entrepreneurs, start-up, entrepreneurial skills

 

ICT innovation

Vouchers

Voucher, vouchers, technology implementation, cheque

 

ICT innovation

ICT start-ups and venture capital

 

Venture capital, business angels, accelerators, access to finance, Start-Ups, Entrepreneurs, start-up, entrepreneurial skills

ICT innovation

ICT vouchers

 

Voucher, vouchers, technology implementation, cheque

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Augmented and virtual reality

Augmented reality, AR, virtual reality

 

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Creativity and design

 

Creative, Creativity, Design

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

e-Culture and digital culture

e-Culture, digitalisation of culture

Culture, Cultural

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Cultural heritage

 

Cultural heritage

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Cultural preservation

Preservation of culture, cultural preservation

Preservation

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Digital content & media

e-Content

Content, Media

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Digital collections, libraries, archives, museums

Digital libraries, Digital library, Virtual museum, Digital collections

Libraries, Library, archives, museums, archive, museum

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Digitisation

Digitisation

 

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Europeana

Europeana

 

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Games & gamificication

Gamification

Game

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

ICT & tourism

e-Tourism

Tourism

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Multilingual and semantic web

Machine translation

Semantic, Multi-lingual

Digital content, creative industries & digitisation of culture

Visualisation and simulation

Visualisation, Simulation, Virtualisation

 

e-Inclusion

Grand Coalition

Grand Coalition

 

e-Inclusion

Internet access &  accessibility

Internet access, e-accessibility, Web accessibility

Accessibility

e-Inclusion

Jobs

 

Jobs

e-Inclusion

Workforce

 

Workforce

e-Inclusion

Digital skills and literacy

e-Skills, Digital literacy, digital competence, digital competences, digital illiteracy, digitally illiterate, ICT Skills

Skills, competence, competencies

e-Inclusion

Digital inclusion

e-Inclusion, digital inclusion

Inclusion

e-Inclusion

e-Learning

e-Learning, digital learning, open learning, distance learning,  learning technologies

Learning

e-Inclusion

Training and education

e-Education, electronic education, open education,  digital classroom

Training, Education

e-Health

Active and healthy ageing

Active Aging, AHA, active and healthy ageing, active ageing, medical adherence, AFE

Aging, Ageing, early detection

e-Health

Electronic Health Records

EHR,  digital health record, patient summary, electronic patient record, electronic medical record

Health record

e-Health

e-Health

e-Health

Health, care

e-Health

Health Information System

patient data,  medical data, health information, patient summary, health data, clinical data

health card

e-Health

Independent living

Independent living, assisted living, AAL, service robot

 smart home, age-friendly

e-Health

Integrated care

Integrated healthcare, integrated care, integrated health, co-ordinated care, comprehensive care, seamless care, transmural care

Care

e-Health

m-Health

m-Health, mobile health, health apps, health applications

 

e-Health

Personalised medicine

individual health data, medication adherence, personalised medicine,  Personal Health System, personalised health-care, user-generated data

diagnostic, diagnosis

e-Health

e-Prescription

e-prescription

Prescription

e-Health

Telemedicine and telemonitoring

Tele-medicin, tele-medicine, tele-health, tele-monitoring, tele-care

 

e-Government

e-Democracy

electronic democracy , e-Democracy

 

e-Government

e-Government

e-government, Public ICT solutions, systems of public administration, Public administration data

government services, public services

e-Government

e-Invoicing

 e-Invoice

invoice, Invoicing

e-Government

e-Land management

E-Land management

land management

e-Government

e-Procurement

E-procurement

Procurement

e-Government

e-Welfare

e-Welfare

welfare services

e-Government

Interoperability public data

Interoperability of public data, interoperability platforms

Interoperability

e-Government

Online  payment

Mobile payment, online payment, electronic payment

Payment

e-Government

Open and big data

Open data,  government data, Big data

 

e-Government

e-justice

e-Justice, e-legislation, electronic filing

 

Trust, security & authentication

Cybercrime and attacks

Cyber-crime, Cyber-attack, Cyberattack, E-crime

Crime

Trust, security & authentication

Electronic identification

electronic identification, e-IDAS, e-identification, EID, Authentication

 

Trust, security & authentication

Interoperability, interconnection

 

inter-operability, inter-connection

Trust, security & authentication

Privacy

Privacy

 

Trust, security & authentication

Secure infrastructures

cyber incident, network security, information security

key infrastructure, resilience, stability

Trust, security & authentication

Security and data protection

Data protection

Secure, Security

Trust, security & authentication

Trust services

e-signature, digital signature, Electronic signature, electronic time stamp, e-time stamp, electronic seals, e-seals, electronic registered delivery, e-registered delivery, electronically  registered delivery, website authentication

Trust

Smart cities & smart grids

Smart cities

Smart city, smart cities, intelligent city, ICT in cities

Urban regeneration, city lighting, city heating, district heating, district lighting

Smart cities & smart grids

Smart grids

Smart grid

distribution energy systems, Integrated energy

Smart cities & smart grids

Smart energy

intelligent metering systems, intelligent buildings, smart buildings, Smart energy management, smart lighting, smart houses, intelligent lighting, control systems for buildings, smart energy system

energy efficiency, housing, buildings renovation, street lighting

Smart cities & smart grids

Green cars

Green cars, electric vehicles

 

Smart cities & smart grids

Climate data systems

climate data systems

climate data

Smart cities & smart grids

Intelligent transport systems

intelligent transport systems, intelligent traffic management systems, transport tele-matics

traffic management

Smart cities & smart grids

Smart mobility

Smart mobility, intelligent mobility

Mobility

Smart cities & smart grids

Data centres/Green ICT

Green ICT, green data centres

 

Smart cities & smart grids

City planning

GIS, spatial data, geographic information  systems, intelligent maps

 city management, land management

Smart cities & smart grids

Smart resource efficiency

smart resources efficiency, intelligent use of resources

 waste management, waste water management, resource management